Oxidized LDL ELISA

Low - density lipoproteins (LDL) are cholesterol-rich lipoproteins whose main task is to transport cholesterol from the liver to extrahepatic tissue. LDL consists of an apolipoprotein B100 (Apo B100), cholesterol esters, free cholesterol and phospholipids. Elevated LDL cholesterol is a risk factor for arteriosclerosis and thus coronary heart disease. However, its oxidized forms, such as e.g. B. MDA-LDL (malondialdehyde modified low density lipoprotein). Lipid peroxidation is a natural process and only when lipid peroxidation exceeds the antioxidant cell protection is the balance disturbed and cell damage occurs. In oxidative metabolic situations, the oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids produces, among other things , MDA , which is a reactive dialdehyde. Attack of LDL produces MDA-modified LDL (MDA-LDL). Native LDL is taken up by macrophages via specific LDL receptors, which are expressed to a reduced extent when they are saturated with LDL (feedback). LDL modified by oxidation is no longer recognized as native and is therefore not taken up via regulated and specific receptors. Instead, there is unchecked absorption via non-specific receptors, such as e.g. B. so-called scavenger receptors. The rapid uptake of the oxidized LDLs into the macrophages leads to the conversion of these into cholesterol-rich foam cells. The increased occurrence of foam cells is considered one of the first signs of the formation of atherosclerotic plaques.